Pet Emergency Education, LLC makes every reasonable attempt to provide high-quality, up-to-date, and accurate information at the time of publication of any of its media. Pet Emergency Education is in no way a substitute for professional veterinary medical care, diagnosis, and treatment.

The authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher have made extensive efforts to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate and conforms to the standards accepted at the date of publication. The reader is advised to discuss information obtained in this book with a veterinarian or other qualified animal health practitioner.